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|
Country Name |
Italian Republic |
|
Continent |
Europe |
|
Surface area |
302 068.26 km² |
|
Capital |
Rome |
|
Population |
59,045,521 (2021) |
|
Language |
Italian |
|
Currency |
Euro (EUR) |
|
Time zone |
+0h |
|
Area code from Italy |
0039 |
Yellow fever vaccination is not required.
This viral disease is transmitted by the bite of infected ticks. Vaccination is recommended when staying in areas with a higher risk of infection. The risk decreases in the winter months.
Infection typically occurs through contact with the saliva of an infected animal, usually caused by bites, scratches or licks near open wounds or mucous membranes (e.g. mouth, nose, eyes). The most common vectors are dogs and bats, but cases of infection in other domestic animals have also been reported.
Caused by toxins released by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, the risk of tetanus infection is present throughout the country.
Diseases such as Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, Leishmaniasis, and West Nile virus are present in Southern Europe. As these diseases are transmitted by insect bites and there are no vaccines, it is important to adopt careful behavioural and preventive measures
The following vaccinations are strongly recommended as these diseases can be contracted anywhere in the world. Experts advise that you protect yourself and other travellers by making sure you are up-to-date with all of the recommended vaccinations. This will allow you to travel safely, while minimising the risk of exposure to infection.
Italy has very well-delineated natural boundaries. The country is separated from central Europe by the Alpine chain that borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia, and is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on three sides.
The Southern Alps enclose the Po Valley, which is divided by the course of the Po River and ends at a delta in the Adriatic Sea, at -3 metres below sea level. From Tuscany, the Apennine Mountains cross the peninsula longitudinally all the way to Calabria.
The principal islands, Sicily and Sardinia, are the largest in the Mediterranean.
The country is mainly affected by two different climates: subtropical (in both the insular and peninsular regions), which is strongly influenced by the Mediterranean, and a warm-temperate, sub-continental climate in the northern belt, that brings cold winters and very hot summers. The difference in temperature between the south and the north is very sharp in winter (often exceeding 15°C on the coast, with averages between 5° and 10°C in the mountains), but less pronounced in summer.
Precipitations also follow a similar pattern: more abundant in mountainous regions and scarce along the central and southern coasts.
