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Travel Medicine
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|
Country Name |
Kingdom of Spain |
|
Continent |
Europe |
|
Surface area |
505,970 km2 |
|
Capital |
Madrid |
|
Population |
46,438,442 |
|
Language |
Spanish |
|
Currency |
Euro (EUR) |
|
Time zone |
The same as Italy (-1hr in the Canary Islands) |
|
Area code for Italy |
0039 |
|
Area code from Italy |
0034 |
Yellow fever vaccination is not required.
Infection typically occurs through contact with the saliva of an infected animal, usually caused by bites, scratches or licks near open wounds or mucous membranes (e.g. mouth, nose, eyes). The most common vectors are dogs and bats, but cases of infection in other domestic animals have also been reported.
Caused by toxins released by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, the risk of tetanus infection is present throughout the country.
This disease is spread by the bites of infected mosquitos and there is no vaccine. Consequently, it is important to adopt careful behavioural and preventive measures. Cases have been reported in the provinces of Cadiz, Catalonia and Murcia.
Diseases such as Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, Leishmaniasis, and West Nile virus are present in some parts of Southern Europe. As these diseases are transmitted by insect bites and there are no vaccines, it is important to adopt careful behavioural and preventive measures.
The following vaccinations are strongly recommended as these diseases can be contracted anywhere in the world. Experts advise that you protect yourself and other travellers by making sure you are up-to-date with all of the recommended vaccinations. This will allow you to travel safely, while minimising the risk of exposure to infection.
Spain shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, the westernmost point of Europe. Its coastline is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Mediterranean Sea and to the south and east.
Spain’s territory also comprises the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean; the Canary Islands in the Atlantic, Llivia, an enclave within French territory; the cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and the small islands of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Peñón de Alhucemas, and Chafarinas off the shores of Moroccan.
Generally speaking, the climate is continental and arid across the central region, mitigated by the marine influences near the coasts.
More specifically, the northwest zone has moderate temperatures (more or less cold depending on altitude) and frequent precipitation due to the influence of the Atlantic.
Whereas, in the Meseta Central plateau region, which covers almost fifty-percent of Spain's territory, the climate is continental with marked temperature excursions and modest rainfall.
Finally, the southern region of Andalusia has a subtropical climate, with high temperatures and low rainfall; the same climatic conditions can also be found in the south-east where there is a Mediterranean climate.
