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|
Country Name |
Commonwealth of Australia |
|
Continent |
Oceania |
|
Surface area |
7,703,429 km² |
|
Capital |
Canberra |
|
Population |
23,400,000 |
|
Language |
English |
|
Currency |
Australian Dollar (AUD) |
|
Time zone |
+6h to +8h compared to Italy |
|
Area code for Italy |
0039 |
|
Area code from Italy |
0061 |
Yellow fever is not present in the country. Yellow fever vaccination is mandatory for all travellers aged 1 year or over arriving from at-risk countries or travellers who have spent more than 12 hours at airports in high-risk countries (with the exception of travellers from the Galápagos Islands in Ecuador).
This viral disease is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes and is widespread year-round, particularly in the Torres Strait Islands and Cape York Peninsula. Vaccination is recommended for prolonged stays in rural regions.
Hepatitis B is transmitted through exposure to infected body fluids and blood. It is estimated that at least 2 percent of the population is infected.
Infection typically occurs through contact with the saliva of an infected animal, usually caused by bites, scratches or licks near open wounds or mucous membranes (e.g. mouth, nose, eyes). The most common vectors are dogs and bats, but cases of infection in other domestic animals have also been reported.
Caused by toxins released by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, the risk of tetanus infection is present throughout the country.
There is a risk of Dengue infection in the state of Queensland. This disease is spread by the bites of infected mosquitos and there is currently no vaccine. Consequently, it is important to adopt careful behavioural and preventive measures.
The following vaccinations are strongly recommended as these diseases can be contracted anywhere in the world. Experts advise that you protect yourself and other travellers by making sure you are up-to-date with all of the recommended vaccinations. This will allow you to travel safely, while minimising the risk of exposure to infection.
Australia is a federal constitutional monarchy. It is part of the Commonwealth ruled by King Charles III, represented by a governor-general, with a prime minister at the head of the government. Often incorrectly regarded as a part of Oceania, it is important to underline Australia’s continental nature as opposed to the insular nature of Oceania, which is linked to the sea even from a semantic perspective. Almost ¾ of Australia's territory is covered by extremely dry and desertic areas, the only country in the world to have such a large proportion of arid land. The west and central regions are distinctive for their plateaus, remnants of extremely ancient reliefs that have been deeply eroded over time, and are now no higher than 1,500 m above sea level.
Whereas, immediately behind the east coast is the Great Dividing Chain mountain system, which also continues into the island of Tasmania.
Australia has the most extensive coral reef in the world, which hems the east coast for over 2,000 km; a side of the coast that has never been accessible by sea due to its shallow waters ever since the early days of exploration.
The Tropic of Capricorn passes through Australia, which means it is classified as having a warm climate, which ranges from a sub-equatorial to a sub-tropical environment. The country's climate is influenced by at least three factors: the summer monsoons in the north; the mountain ranges on the east coast that protect it from the winds from the Pacific, discharging all the humidity into the sea, and, finally, the compact formation of the coastline that favours continentality and insulates the land mass from the influence of the sea. Apart from the northern territory, which is sufficiently subject to rainfall due to the monsoons, and the southern coastal territory with a Mediterranean climate, the remaining part of the country has a desertic climate, which is particularly arid in the western region of the continent.
